History of Wayang Kulit Wayang shadow-puppet (Bali, early 20th Century)
Wayang is a generic term denoting traditional theater in Indonesia. There is no evidence of wayang existed before Hinduism That Came to Southeast Asia Sometime in the first century CE Brought in by Indian traders. However, there have been very well May indigenous storytelling traditions That Had a profound impact on the development of the traditional puppet theater. The first record of a wayang performance is from an inscription dated 930 CE the which says "the Galigi mawayang," or "Sir Galigi Played puppet". From That time till today it Seems to perform certain features of traditional puppet theater have remained. Galigi was an itinerant performer WHO was requested to perform for a special royal Occasion. At That event he performed a story about the hero Bhima from the Mahabharata
Wayang Kulit is a unique form of theater employing light and shadow. The Puppets are crafted from buffalo hide and mounted on bamboo sticks. When held up behind a piece of white cloth, with an electric bulb or an oil lamp as the light source, shadows are cast on the screen.
Puppet plays are invariably based on romantic tales, especially adaptations of the classic Indian epics, "The Mahabharata" and "The Ramayana". Some of the plays are based on local happenings Also (current issues) or other secular local stories. It is up to the conductor or "Tok Dalang" Decide to his direction.
The puppeteer is the genius behind the entire performance. It is WHO he sits behind the screen and narrates the story. With a traditional orchestra in the background to Provide a resonant conventional melody and its rhythm, the puppeteer modulates his voice to create suspense thus heightening the drama. Invariably, the play climaxes with The Triumph of good over evil.
Hinduism arrived in Indonesia from India even before the Christian era, and was Slowly adopted as the local belief system. Sanskrit Became the literary and court language of Java and later of Bali. The Hindus changed the Wayang (as did the Muslims, later) to spread Their religion, Mostly by stories from the Mahabharata or the Ramayana. Later this mixture of religion and wayang play was praised as harmony Between Hinduism and traditional Indonesian culture. On Java, the western part of Sumatra and Some Smaller islands traditionalists continued to play the old stories for Some time, but the influence of Hinduism prevailed and the traditional stories Either Fell Into Oblivion were the resource persons or integrated into the Hinduistic plays.
The figures of the puppets are Also present in the Paintings of That time, for example, the roof Murals of the Courtroom in Klungkung, Bali. They are still present in traditional Balinese painting today.
When Islam began spreading in Indonesia, the display of God or Gods in human form was prohibited, and thus this style of painting and shadow play was suppressed. King Raden Patah of Demak, Java wanted to see the wayang in its traditional form, but failed to obtain permission from the Muslim religious leaders. As an alternative, the religious leaders converted the wayang puppet show into prototype made from leather, and displayed only the shadow instead of the figures Itself. [Citation needed] Instead of the forbidden figures Their only shadow picture was displayed, the birth of the wayang skin. [citation needed]
The figures are painted, flat woodcarvings (a maximum of 5 to 15 mm thick - Barely half an inch) with movable arms. The head is solidly attached to the body. Puppet klitik cans be Used to perform puppet plays Either During the day or at night. This type of wayang is Relatively rare.
Wayang today is both the most ancient and most popular form of puppet theater in the world. Hundreds of people will of stay up all night long to watch the superstar performers, puppeteer, WHO command extravagant fees and are international celebrities. Some of the most famous puppeteer in recent history are Ki Nartosabdho, Ki Anom Suroto, Ki Asep Sunarya, Ki Sugino, and Ki Manteb Sudarsono. [Edit] Puppet skin
Wayang kulit, shadow Puppets prevalent in Java and Bali in Indonesia, are without a doubt the best known of the Indonesian wayang. Skin means skin, and refers to the leather construction of the Puppets That are carefully chiseled with very fine tools and supported with carefully shaped buffalo horn handles and control rods.
The stories are usually drawn from the Ramayana, the Mahabharata or the Fibre Menak.
There is a family of characters in Javanese wayang Called clown-servants; They Are Sometimes Referred to as "clown-Servants" Because They normally are associated with the story's hero, and Provide humorous and Philosophical interludes. Semar is the father of Gareng (oldest son), Petruk, and Bagong (Youngest son). These characters did not originate in the Hindu epics, but were the resource persons added later, possibly to Introduce Mystical aspects of Islam into the Hindu-Javanese stories. They Provide something akin to a political cabaret, dealing with gossip and contemporary affairs.
The puppet figures themselves vary from place to place. In the Central Java city of Surakarta (Solo) is most famous and is the most commonly imitated the style of Puppets. Regional styles of Shadow Puppets Also cans be found in West Java, Banyumas, Cirebon, Semarang, and East Java. Bali produces more compact and naturalistic figures, and Lombok has figures representing real people. Often modern-world objects as Bicycles, automobiles, Airplanes and ships will from be added for comic effect, but for the most part the traditional puppet designs have changed little in the last 300 years.
Historically, the performance consisted of shadows cast on a cotton screen and an oil lamp. Today, the source of Light Used in wayang performance in Java is most Often a halogen electric light. Some modern forms of wayang Such as Puppet Sandosa created in the Art Academy at Surakarta (STSI) has employed spotlights, colored lights and other Innovations.
The handwork involved in making a wayang kulit figure That Is Suitable for a performance takes weeks installments, with the artists working together in groups. They start from master models (typically on paper) the which are traced out onto the skin (skin or parchment), Providing the figures with an outline and with indications of any holes That earnest need to be cut (Such as for the mouth or eyes). The figures are then smoothed, usually with a glass bottle, and primed. The structure is inspected and eventually the details are worked through. A Further smoothing follows before individual painting, the which is undertaken by yet another Craftsman. Finally, the movable parts (upper arms, lower arms with hands and the associated sticks for manipulation) mounted on the body, the which has a central staff by which it is held. A crew makes up to ten figures at a time, typically completing That number over the course of a week.
The painting of less expensive handheld Puppets is expediently with a spray technique, using templates, and with a different person handling EACH color. Less expensive Puppets, Often sold to children During performances, Sometimes are made on cardboard instead of leather.
History of Wayang Kulit
- Puppet skin
en.wikipedia.org / wiki / Puppet - Cached - Similar
Wayang is a generic term denoting traditional theater in Indonesia. There is no evidence of wayang existed before Hinduism That Came to Southeast Asia Sometime in the first century CE Brought in by Indian traders. However, there have been very well May indigenous storytelling traditions That Had a profound impact on the development of the traditional puppet theater. The first record of a wayang performance is from an inscription dated 930 CE the which says "the Galigi mawayang," or "Sir Galigi Played puppet". From That time till today it Seems to perform certain features of traditional puppet theater have remained. Galigi was an itinerant performer WHO was requested to perform for a special royal Occasion. At That event he performed a story about the hero Bhima from the Mahabharata
Wayang Kulit is a unique form of theater employing light and shadow. The Puppets are crafted from buffalo hide and mounted on bamboo sticks. When held up behind a piece of white cloth, with an electric bulb or an oil lamp as the light source, shadows are cast on the screen.
Puppet plays are invariably based on romantic tales, especially adaptations of the classic Indian epics, "The Mahabharata" and "The Ramayana". Some of the plays are based on local happenings Also (current issues) or other secular local stories. It is up to the conductor or "Tok Dalang" Decide to his direction.
The puppeteer is the genius behind the entire performance. It is WHO he sits behind the screen and narrates the story. With a traditional orchestra in the background to Provide a resonant conventional melody and its rhythm, the puppeteer modulates his voice to create suspense thus heightening the drama. Invariably, the play climaxes with The Triumph of good over evil.
Hinduism arrived in Indonesia from India even before the Christian era, and was Slowly adopted as the local belief system. Sanskrit Became the literary and court language of Java and later of Bali. The Hindus changed the Wayang (as did the Muslims, later) to spread Their religion, Mostly by stories from the Mahabharata or the Ramayana. Later this mixture of religion and wayang play was praised as harmony Between Hinduism and traditional Indonesian culture. On Java, the western part of Sumatra and Some Smaller islands traditionalists continued to play the old stories for Some time, but the influence of Hinduism prevailed and the traditional stories Either Fell Into Oblivion were the resource persons or integrated into the Hinduistic plays.
The figures of the puppets are Also present in the Paintings of That time, for example, the roof Murals of the Courtroom in Klungkung, Bali. They are still present in traditional Balinese painting today.
When Islam began spreading in Indonesia, the display of God or Gods in human form was prohibited, and thus this style of painting and shadow play was suppressed. King Raden Patah of Demak, Java wanted to see the wayang in its traditional form, but failed to obtain permission from the Muslim religious leaders. As an alternative, the religious leaders converted the wayang puppet show into prototype made from leather, and displayed only the shadow instead of the figures Itself. [Citation needed] Instead of the forbidden figures Their only shadow picture was displayed, the birth of the wayang skin. [citation needed]
The figures are painted, flat woodcarvings (a maximum of 5 to 15 mm thick - Barely half an inch) with movable arms. The head is solidly attached to the body. Puppet klitik cans be Used to perform puppet plays Either During the day or at night. This type of wayang is Relatively rare.
Wayang today is both the most ancient and most popular form of puppet theater in the world. Hundreds of people will of stay up all night long to watch the superstar performers, puppeteer, WHO command extravagant fees and are international celebrities. Some of the most famous puppeteer in recent history are Ki Nartosabdho, Ki Anom Suroto, Ki Asep Sunarya, Ki Sugino, and Ki Manteb Sudarsono. [Edit] Puppet skin
Wayang kulit, shadow Puppets prevalent in Java and Bali in Indonesia, are without a doubt the best known of the Indonesian wayang. Skin means skin, and refers to the leather construction of the Puppets That are carefully chiseled with very fine tools and supported with carefully shaped buffalo horn handles and control rods.
The stories are usually drawn from the Ramayana, the Mahabharata or the Fibre Menak.
There is a family of characters in Javanese wayang Called clown-servants; They Are Sometimes Referred to as "clown-Servants" Because They normally are associated with the story's hero, and Provide humorous and Philosophical interludes. Semar is the father of Gareng (oldest son), Petruk, and Bagong (Youngest son). These characters did not originate in the Hindu epics, but were the resource persons added later, possibly to Introduce Mystical aspects of Islam into the Hindu-Javanese stories. They Provide something akin to a political cabaret, dealing with gossip and contemporary affairs.
The puppet figures themselves vary from place to place. In the Central Java city of Surakarta (Solo) is most famous and is the most commonly imitated the style of Puppets. Regional styles of Shadow Puppets Also cans be found in West Java, Banyumas, Cirebon, Semarang, and East Java. Bali produces more compact and naturalistic figures, and Lombok has figures representing real people. Often modern-world objects as Bicycles, automobiles, Airplanes and ships will from be added for comic effect, but for the most part the traditional puppet designs have changed little in the last 300 years.
Historically, the performance consisted of shadows cast on a cotton screen and an oil lamp. Today, the source of Light Used in wayang performance in Java is most Often a halogen electric light. Some modern forms of wayang Such as Puppet Sandosa created in the Art Academy at Surakarta (STSI) has employed spotlights, colored lights and other Innovations.
The handwork involved in making a wayang kulit figure That Is Suitable for a performance takes weeks installments, with the artists working together in groups. They start from master models (typically on paper) the which are traced out onto the skin (skin or parchment), Providing the figures with an outline and with indications of any holes That earnest need to be cut (Such as for the mouth or eyes). The figures are then smoothed, usually with a glass bottle, and primed. The structure is inspected and eventually the details are worked through. A Further smoothing follows before individual painting, the which is undertaken by yet another Craftsman. Finally, the movable parts (upper arms, lower arms with hands and the associated sticks for manipulation) mounted on the body, the which has a central staff by which it is held. A crew makes up to ten figures at a time, typically completing That number over the course of a week.
The painting of less expensive handheld Puppets is expediently with a spray technique, using templates, and with a different person handling EACH color. Less expensive Puppets, Often sold to children During performances, Sometimes are made on cardboard instead of leather.
History of Wayang Kulit
- Puppet skin
en.wikipedia.org / wiki / Puppet - Cached - Similar
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